It's a time based pseudo-random or cryptographic algorithm. Based on the time, there is a code. The dongle and the server know — or rather, can compute — the code for every window. This is a shared secret - the dongle does not connect to a remote server. The server will probably allow one or two of the most recent secret keys, to prevent the situation where you enter a key that has just expired while the transmission was en route.
Although my recent experience with Amazon Web Service multi-factor authentication has definitely resulted in login failures within 5 seconds of a code being displayed to me. In other words, some vendors are very strict with their timing windows. As always, it's a trade-off between security and usability.
I chose this article because it has a reasonable, physical description; the higher-level articles focus on the theoretical over the physical implementation. The article also confirms that you need to keep the secrecy of the token, or someone else can impersonate your logins by knowing what the codes are as easily as you do.
The token hardware is designed to be tamper-resistant to deter reverse engineering. When software implementations of the same algorithm "software tokens" appeared on the market, public code has been developed by the security community allowing a user to emulate RSA SecurID in software, but only if they have access to a current RSA SecurID code, and the original bit RSA SecurID seed file introduced to the server. However, since the verifying server has to have foreknowledge of the tokens , the two-factor secrets are vulnerable to attacks on the source as well.
SecurID was the victim of a high-profile theft that targeted their own servers and eventually led to secondary incursions on their clients' servers as well. Finally, there is more information available on the security.
But how do bank server know my unique generated number? Probably the bank is counting the elapsed time after you activate it; because you have to activate these security devices at the first use with a generated unique number from your own device. So, in an exact timing calculation bank server knows the input number have to be xxx-xxx and will change while time elapses. I am sure that the device battery gives power to quartz crystal within battery life cycle even if you never use the security device.
If the battery is removed it fails generating number due to the quartz crystal not being powered and time cannot be counted at that moment. So it can never generate same unique numbers again. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Collectives on Stack Overflow.
Learn more. How Do Hardware Token Devices work? Asked 7 years, 3 months ago. Active 11 months ago. Viewed 53k times. Improve this question. Patrick M 9, 9 9 gold badges 59 59 silver badges 99 99 bronze badges.
Select basic ads. Create a personalised ads profile. Select personalised ads. Apply market research to generate audience insights. Measure content performance. Develop and improve products. List of Partners vendors. A security token is a portable device that authenticates a person's identity electronically by storing some sort of personal information. The owner plugs the security token into a system to grant access to a network service.
Security tokens come in many different forms, including hardware tokens that contain chips, USB tokens that plug into USB ports, and wireless Bluetooth tokens or programmable electronic key fobs, which activate devices remotely for example, to gain access to a car or apartment building. Single sign-on services also use security tokens to log users into third-party websites seamlessly.
Disconnected tokens are not linked to the computer or network in any way; rather, the user enters the information from the token manually into the system. Connected tokens work electronically and automatically transmit information to the network once they're connected.
You might use a security token to access a sensitive network system such as a bank account, in order to add an extra layer of security. In this instance, the security token is used in addition to a password to prove the account owner's identity. Also, security tokens store data in order to authenticate the owners' identities. Some store cryptographic keys , a system used in cryptocurrency services such as Bitcoin, but the key must be kept secret.
Some use time-sensitive passwords, which are coordinated between the token and the network and are reset at constant intervals. Others use biometrics such as fingerprint data to ensure that only the owner of the security token can access protected information.
As with any system, security tokens are not flawless. If the token is lost or stolen or if it isn't in the owner's possession, it cannot be used to access a service. The recycled casing is only available in black to avoid the additional impact of materials, processes, and energy needed to change the color of the plastic. Switching to recycled plastic reduces plastic leakage to both our land and water ecosystems.
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